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Louis François Clément Breguet (22 December 1804 – 27 October 1883),〔''Nature'' July 15, 1886, volume 34, page 259〕 was a French physicist and watchmaker,〔Carl W. Hall ''A biographical dictionary of people in engineering'', Purdue University Press, 2008 ISBN 1-55753-459-4, p. 26〕 noted for his work in the early days of telegraphy. Educated in Switzerland, Breguet was the grandson of Abraham-Louis Breguet, founder of the watch manufacturing company Breguet. He became manager of ''Breguet et Fils'' watchmakers in 1833 after his father Louis Antoine Breguet retired. Between 1835 and 1840 he standardized the company product line of watches, then making 350 watches per year, and diversified into scientific instruments, electrical devices, recording instruments, an electric thermometer, telegraph instruments and electrically synchronized clocks. With Alphonse Foy, in 1842 he developed an electrical needle telegraph to replace the optical telegraph system then in use.〔Huurdeman page 73〕 and a later step-by-step telegraph system (1847) was applied to French railways and exported to Japan. He observed in 1847 that small wires could be used to protect telegraph installations from lightning, the ancestor of the fuse. He also manufactured the rotating mirror Fizeau–Foucault apparatus, used by Léon Foucault and Hippolyte Fizeau to measure the speed of light (1850). In 1856 he designed a public network of synchronized electric clocks for the center of Lyon. In 1866 he patented an electric clock controlled by a 100 Hz tuning fork.〔http://www.crazywatches.pl/tuning-fork retrieved 2010 09 10〕 In 1870 he transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown. Breguet then focused entirely on the telegraph and the nascent field of telecommunications. He collaborated in the development of an induction coil, later improved by Heinrich Ruhmkorff. In terms of honors, in 1843 he was appointed to the Bureau of Longitudes. In 1845 Breguet was awarded the Legion d'Honneur. He was made a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1874,〔Maurice Crosland ''Science Under Control: The French Academy of Sciences 1795-1914'' Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-52475-X p.140〕 and was elevated to Officer of the Legion d'Honneur in 1877.〔Scientific American: Supplement, Volume 22, September 18, 1886, page 8929〕 He is one of the 72 French scientists whose names are written around the base of the Eiffel Tower.〔Hubert Chanson, ''Hydraulic Engineering Legends Listed on the Eiffel Tower'', in Jerry R. Rogers (ed) ''Great rivers history: proceedings and invited papers for the EWRI Congress and History Symposium,'' ASCE Publications, 2009 , ISBN 0-7844-1032-1 , page 6〕 Breguet was married and had one son Antoine (1851–1882) who also joined the family electrical business.〔http://www.montmollin.ch/docs/breguet-abram-louis.pdf retrieved 2010 09 10〕 With his son, he met Alexander Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market.〔Anton A. Huurdeman ''The worldwide history of telecommunications'' page 168〕 Grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis-François-Clement Breguet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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